Lithotripter Shockwave-Induced Enhancement of Mouse Melanoma Lung Metastasis: Dependence on Cavitation Nucleation

Purpose: To confirm a previous report of metastasis enhancement by lithotripter shockwaves (LSW) and to test the hypothesis that this effect is attributable to cavitation. Materials and Methods: The metastatic B16-D5 melanoma cell line was implanted on the hind legs of female C57/b16 mice 12 days before tumor treatment. The tumors were treated with 500 LSW in a waterbath arrangement. The effect of augmented cavitation nucleation was tested by intratumor injection of air bubbles or ultrasound contrast agent gas bodies (UCAGB). The primary tumor was surgically removed on day 1 after treatment. The six groups of mice were sham, LSW, sham + air bubbles, LSW + air bubbles, sham + UCAGB, and LSW + UCAGB. Data were collected for the 113 mice that survived at least 25 days. Lung evaluations were performed blind after 2 weeks of bleaching in Fekete's solution. Results: The outcomes of the three sham groups were very similar and indicated that the simple injection of material into the tumor did not increase metastasis. In comparison with the pooled shams, both the LSW + air bubbles and LSW + UCAGB groups had statistically significant increases in metastasis counts. Only the LSW + UCAGB group had a significant increase in incidence of metastasis relative to the pooled shams. The LSW + UCAGB also had significantly reduced survival. Conclusion: Shockwaves can enhance metastasis from tumors, and this effect is attributable to cavitation.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/63207/1/end.2004.18.925.pd

Infrared and Visible Image Fusion Based on Oversampled Graph Filter Banks

The infrared image (RI) and visible image (VI) fusion method merges complementary information from the infrared and visible imaging sensors to provide an effective way for understanding the scene. The graph filter bank-based graph wavelet transform possesses the advantages of the classic wavelet filter bank and graph representation of a signal. Therefore, we propose an RI and VI fusion method based on oversampled graph filter banks. Specifically, we consider the source images as signals on the regular graph and decompose them into the multiscale representations with M-channel oversampled graph filter banks. Then, the fusion rule for the low-frequency subband is constructed using the modified local coefficient of variation and the bilateral filter. The fusion maps of detail subbands are formed using the standard deviation-based local properties. Finally, the fusion image is obtained by applying the inverse transform on the fusion subband coefficients. The experimental results on benchmark images show the potential of the proposed method in the image fusion applications

Purification, Characterization and in vitro Anti-Tumor Activity of Proteins from Arca subcrenata Lischke

Two purified proteins G-6 and G-4-2 were obtained from Arca subcrenata Lischke using the homogenization, salting-out with ammonium sulfate, ion-exchange chromatography and gel filtration chromatography techniques. The purity of G-6 and G-4-2 was over 96%, as measured by RP-HPLC. G-6 and G-4-2 were measured by SDS-PAGE and IEF-PAGE to have molecular weights of 8.2 kDa and 16.0 kDa, and isoelectric points of 6.6 and 6.1, respectively. The amino acid constituents of G-6 and G-4-2 were also determined. The existence of saccharides in G-6 was demonstrated by the phenol-sulfuric acid method. G-6 and G-4-2 inhibited the proliferation of human tumor cells in vitro. By MTT assay, the IC50 values of G-4-2 were 22.9 μg/mL, 46.1 μg/mL and 57.7 μg/mL against Hela, HL-60 and KB cell lines, respectively, and the IC50 value of G-6 against HL-60 cell line was measured to be 123.2 μg/mL

Ferroptosis in pulmonary fibrosis: an emerging therapeutic target

In recent years, the role of ferroptosis in pulmonary fibrosis has garnered increasing interest as a potential therapeutic target. Pulmonary fibrosis is a pathological process characterized by the accumulation of extracellular matrix in affected lung tissues, and currently, there are no effective therapies for preventing or reversing the fibrotic lesions. Ferroptosis is a form of programmed cell death that is regulated by a network of enzymes and signaling pathways. Dysregulation of ferroptosis has been implicated in several diseases, including pulmonary fibrosis. The accumulation of lipid peroxides in the course of ferroptosis causes damage to cell membranes and other cellular components, leading ultimately to cell death. Relevant targets for therapeutic intervention in ferroptosis include key enzymes, such as glutathione peroxidase 4, transcription factors like nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2, and iron chelation. This review provides an overview of the emerging role of ferroptosis in pulmonary fibrosis and highlights potential therapeutic targets in this pathway. Further research is needed to develop safe and effective approaches targeting ferroptosis in treatment of pulmonary fibrosis

Application and Curative Effect of Micro-implant Anchorage in Orthodontics

Purpose: To explore and analyze the curative effects of micro - implant anchorages in orthodontics.Methods: A retrospective analysis of 65 patients undergoing orthodontic treatment in Department of Stomatology, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Shandong, China was carried out. Thirty four cases in the treatment group were treated with a micro-implant as the anchorage, while 31 cases of the control group were treated with a palatal bar and facebow as the anchorage, and the curative results of the two groups were then compared.Results: After a 13-month treatment, both anchorages were clinically effective, but the micro-implant anchorage showed higher efficacy. Measurement indices for the test group, including sella-nasion - A point (SNA) angle (- 1.88 ± 0.71), sella-nasion-B point (SNB) angle (1.39 ± 0.42), A point - nasion - B point (ANB) angle (- 2.40 ± 0.83), upper central incisor - lower central incisor (U1 - L1) angle (25.79 ± 5.90), upper central incisor - sella - nasion (U1 - SN) angle (- 10.13 ± 3.68), lower central incisor – mandibular plane (L1 - MP) angle (- 4.22 ± 0.45), upper central incisor - nasion - A point (U1 - NA) angle (- 1.32 ± 1.35) and lower central incisor - nasion - B point (L1 - NB) angle (- 1.32 ± 1.35) of the test group were significantly different those of the control group Overbite (OB), overjet (OJ), intercanine width and the width of the first molars of treatment and control groups were also remarkably). Moreover, micro-implant was observed to be more stable during treatment.Conclusion: Compared with traditional anchorages, micro-implants possess the advantages of slighter trauma, simpler operation, more reliable curative effect and high stability.Keywords: Micro-implant anchorage, Orthodontics, Facebow anchorage, Oral medicine, Clinical efficac

Fault slip of the 2022 Mw6.7 Menyuan, China earthquake observed by InSAR, and its tectonic implications

In this article the ascending and descending Sentinel-1A satellite data are used to investigate the coseismic slip model of the 2022 Mw6.7 Menyuan earthquake in Qinghai, China. The optimal slip model indicates that this event ruptured two fault segments. The main rupture concentrated on the western Lenglongling fault (LLLF) with a purely left-lateral striking-slip motion. A small part of the eastern Tuolaishan fault (TLSF) section was also ruptured, and the motion on it is mainly oblique slip at depth, with an obvious thrust component. Combined with the rupture characteristics of historical events, GPS velocity map, and slip rate studies, we suggest that the TLSF–LLLF junction is a demarcation point where the deformation partitioning pattern has changed. Along the whole LLLF segment, the oblique convergence has completely partitioned into slip on the purely strike-slipping LLLF and thrusting faults in the north. The TLSF segment accommodates a fraction of compressional shortening, which compensates for the discrepancy in the left-lateral slip rate between the LLLF and TLSF. Such transformation in the strain partitioning pattern is likely to be determined by the geometric relationship between the fault strike and the direction of regional block movement